New Building Materials

Low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cables are environmentally friendly cables with flame resistance and low hazard characteristics. Their insulation and sheathing are typically made from halogen-free (i.e., free of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, etc.) polyolefin materials, using specialized formulations to achieve flame-retardant performance. When burned, these cables do not release toxic hydrogen halide gases and produce only small amounts of low-toxicity, low-corrosiveness smoke, maintaining high visibility and reducing casualties caused by toxic gases and thick smoke during fires. Their flame-retardant performance (classified as Class A, B, or C) effectively slows the spread of fire and meets strict fire safety requirements. The conductors are usually copper cores, with cross-linked polyethylene commonly used for insulation. The rated operating temperature is typically 90 °C, and the short-circuit withstand temperature can reach 250 °C. These cables are suitable for subways, airports, hospitals, large shopping centers, high-rise buildings, and other densely populated areas or locations with high demands for environmental safety, making them a key cable type in modern electrical systems where both safety and sustainability are essential.

Mineral-insulated cable is a high-performance cable composed of a metal sheath (typically copper), magnesium oxide powder as the insulation layer, and a metal conductor (copper or aluminum). Its structure consists, from the inside out, of the conductor, mineral insulation layer, and metal sheath, all compressed and sealed at high temperatures to form an integrated rigid or flexible structure. This type of cable features exceptional fire resistance, withstanding temperatures above 1000°C and maintaining power supply for extended periods during fires (typically ≥ 3 hours), without combustion or emission of toxic gases. It also offers waterproof, explosion-proof, corrosion-resistant, and impact-resistant properties, with a service life of several decades to even over a century, remaining virtually unaffected by environmental humidity, chemical corrosion, or physical wear. Based on structural differences, it can be divided into rigid mineral-insulated cables (such as the BTTZ type, with a seamless copper tube sheath and high hardness) and flexible mineral-insulated cables (such as the BTLY type, designed with special processes for flexibility and ease of bending installation). These cables are widely used in nuclear power plants, super high-rise buildings, large hospitals, subways, tunnels, and other critical areas with stringent fire safety and reliability requirements, serving as a core cable type for ensuring stable operation of essential power and signal systems under bad conditions.

Fire-resistant cable is designed to maintain safe operation for a certain period under high temperatures or fire conditions. Its core feature lies in the use of special materials (such as mica tape, ceramifiable silicone rubber, etc.) and structural designs that ensure circuit integrity. Typically, it can sustain power transmission for over 90 minutes in flames ranging from 750 °C to 1000 °C. This type of cable is widely used in high-rise buildings, subways, power stations, and chemical plants—places with stringent fire safety requirements. According to standards, fire-resistant cables are classified into Class A (950 °C/90min) and Class B (750 °C/90min). Some products also combine flame retardant and low-smoke halogen-free properties, effectively slowing the spread of fire and reducing toxic smoke, thus gaining crucial time for evacuation and firefighting efforts.

Hard copper wire is a rigid copper conductor made from high-purity copper through processes such as drawing and annealing. It features a smooth surface and a regular circular cross-section, offering good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. Compared to soft copper wire, hard copper wire undergoes fewer annealing processes, resulting in greater rigidity and resistance to bending or deformation, as well as higher mechanical strength. It is suitable for applications that require a fixed shape or must withstand mechanical stress, such as overhead transmission lines, fixed internal wiring in electrical equipment, and busbars in distribution cabinets. With its high conductivity, hard copper wire effectively reduces energy loss in power transmission and electrical devices, while its stable physical properties ensure long-term reliability, making it a commonly used foundational conductive material in power engineering and electrical manufacturing.

High-flexibility multi-core wire is an ultra-flexible electrical cable composed of multiple fine copper strands twisted together and treated through specialized processes. The conductor is formed by intertwining numerous soft copper wires, enclosed in an insulating sheath that provides both good flexibility and conductivity. Compared to single-core hard wires or standard multi-core cables, this wire—thanks to its fine-strand structure and optimized annealing treatment—offers bend resistance and fatigue durability. It is ideal for dynamic applications involving frequent bending or twisting without breaking, and is widely used in scenarios requiring repeated motion, such as internal wiring of industrial robots, cables in medical devices, drag chain cables in automated equipment, and signal transmission in precision instruments. Its multi-strand twisted construction ensures efficient conductivity while dispersing mechanical stress to enhance overall flexibility. As such, it is the ideal solution for high-dynamic, high-flexibility wiring needs and plays a critical role in manufacturing and precision electronics industries.

Soft copper wire is a flexible conductive wire made from high-purity copper through multiple drawing and annealing processes. It features a smooth surface, soft texture, and good ductility, offering outstanding electrical conductivity and bending performance. Compared to hard copper wire, soft copper wire undergoes full annealing, resulting in lower rigidity and high malleability, which allows it to adapt to complex wiring environments and frequent bending demands. It is widely used in applications requiring flexible wiring, such as internal connections of electrical devices, power cords for household appliances, communication cable connections, and internal wiring of precision instruments. With its exceptional flexibility and conductivity, soft copper wire ensures stable current transmission while meeting diverse installation requirements, making it an indispensable foundational conductive material in the electrical, electronics, and telecommunications industries.

Glazed tile is a type of ceramic tile with a glaze layer applied to the surface and fired at high temperatures. Its core structure consists of the body and the glaze layer — the body may be earthenware or stoneware (less commonly porcelain), while the glaze provides the tile with rich colors, patterns, and surface textures such as glossy, matte, or satin finishes. The glaze layer effectively prevents moisture penetration, enhances stain resistance, and makes the tile easy to clean. By adjusting the glaze formulation, it can simulate a variety of decorative effects such as stone, wood grain, or metallic finishes, offering high aesthetic appeal. Based on usage, glazed tiles can be subdivided into wall tiles (typically earthenware with higher water absorption, suitable for dry wall surfaces) and floor tiles (typically stoneware with greater strength, suitable for flooring). They are widely used in kitchens, bathrooms, living rooms, and other spaces for wall and floor coverings, making them a mainstream tile category that combines beauty and practicality.

Full body tile is a type of ceramic tile whose body and surface share the same color and material composition. It is made by mixing raw materials, forming, and then firing at high temperatures without applying a glaze. As a result, the texture and color are consistent throughout the tile, so even if the surface wears down, it will not reveal a visibly different layer underneath. Full body tiles are dense and durable, with low water absorption (typically porcelain or stoneware), and offer good wear and stain resistance. They are ideal for high-traffic and abrasion-prone areas such as living room floors, shopping mall walkways, and corridors. The surface can be treated to achieve various finishes — such as matte (retaining a natural texture) or polished (offering enhanced gloss). Common types include stone-effect and wood-grain full body tiles, which provide the look of natural materials while maintaining durability, making them a practical and visually cohesive option for both residential and commercial interiors.

Polished tile is a type of full body tile whose surface is mechanically polished to achieve a high-gloss finish, making it much smoother and shinier than regular full body tiles. During production, the tile body is formed using a hydraulic press applying thousands of tons of pressure and then fired at temperatures exceeding 1200°C, endowing it with numerous good properties. It features high hardness, with a Mohs hardness typically between 6 and 8, and good abrasion resistance, generally rated above PEI Grade 4, enabling it to withstand long-term, high-frequency foot traffic and friction, making it ideal for high-traffic areas such as shopping malls and hotel lobbies. Its water absorption rate is badly low, usually below 0.5%, offering good waterproof and moisture resistance, which makes it suitable for moisture-prone spaces like kitchens and balconies. Aesthetically, polished tiles also perform exceptionally well — through techniques such as ink infiltration, they can mimic a wide variety of patterns, including stone and wood textures, in color ranges from pure white and beige to deep gray and black, making them suitable for modern minimalist, light luxury, and European-style interiors.

Water-based paint is a type of coating that uses water as the diluent and waterborne resins (such as acrylic or polyurethane resins) as the primary film-forming substances, with a core feature of outstanding environmental friendliness. It dries relatively quickly and forms a paint film with good flexibility, weather resistance, and strong adhesion. By adjusting the formulation, it can produce various finishes such as matte or gloss, making it suitable for a wide range of substrates including wood, metal, and walls. Based on application, it can be further classified into interior wall latex paint, water-based wood paint, and water-based metal paint, among others. It is widely used in home decoration, furniture finishing, and interior applications where eco-friendliness is a priority, and has become a mainstream category in the coatings industry aligned with the trend of green and sustainable development.

Solvent-based paint is a type of coating that uses organic solvents (such as aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, etc.) as diluents and oil-based resins (such as alkyd resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, etc.) as the primary film-forming substances. Its key characteristic is the high volatility of solvents, which evaporate during the curing process to solidify the resin and form the paint film. Compared with water-based paint, solvent-based paint offers faster drying speed, higher film hardness, better gloss, stronger adhesion, and good resistance to water and chemical corrosion. It is widely used in applications where high-performance coating properties are required, such as automotive finishes, metal corrosion protection, outdoor equipment coating, and high-gloss wood finishes. Solvent-based paint remains an indispensable category in both industrial and decorative coating sectors.

Special function coatings are a category of paints designed to meet specific protective or functional requirements. By using specialized film-forming materials, additives, or formulation techniques, these coatings provide performance beyond conventional decoration and basic protection. Their functions are highly targeted—for example, fire-retardant paints form an intumescent barrier that delays substrate combustion, buying time for evacuation and rescue; anti-rust paints prevent metal corrosion through chemical passivation or physical isolation; high-temperature resistant paints maintain film stability under bad heat, suitable for equipment like boilers and chimneys; insulating paints block electrical conduction to ensure the safety of electrical systems. Other types include anti-slip paints (increasing surface friction), anti-fouling paints (preventing marine organism adhesion), and camouflage paints (reducing object visibility). These coatings are widely used in industries such as construction, transportation, military, and heavy manufacturing. While they are not focused on aesthetic appeal, they are essential for ensuring equipment safety and enhancing operational performance under demanding conditions.